Assignment #17: Graphic Organizer 2

Annotated Bibliography Graphic Organizer

Source #2 Bibliography (MLA or APA)

Bansal, Teena and Akanksha Joon. “Preoperative Anxiety – An important but Neglected Issue: A Narrative Review.” Indian Anesthetists’ Forum, vol.17, no. 2, Jul-Dec2016, pp. 37-42. EBSCOhost, doi:10.4103/0973-0311.195955

Annotation: (Describe ALL info. that might be important for your paper. Explain to the reader and/or summarize what might be found in this source)

This article introduces preoperative anxiety by explaining what exactly it is and the complications that can arise from it. It then goes into how to measure preoperative anxiety by indirect measurement of sympathetic-adrenal activity such as heart rate and blood pressure or direct measurement of sympathetic-adrenal activity such as plasma cortisol, urinary catecholamine excretion, and plasma catecholamine. Subjective methods include the HAD, STAI, VAS-A, APAIS, MAACL, and LAAS. The next sections of the article go into each of these tests, explaining what questions they consist of and the benefits or limitations of each. The article then goes on explain a few studies that have been conducted on preoperative anxiety, most of which are concerned with which methods is the most effective for measurement. It ends with a section on how to treat and prevent preoperative anxiety.

Potential Quotes: (Are there any significant quotes you can use or paraphrase from this source?)

• “The incidence of preoperative anxiety ranges from 11% to 88%” (Page 37).

• “Preoperative anxiety may lead to various problems such as difficult venous access due to peripheral vasoconstriction, autonomic fluctuations, delayed jaw relaxation and coughing during induction of anesthesia, and increased anesthetic requirement.” (Page 37).

• “[Preoperative anxiety] has been correlated with increased pain, nausea, and vomiting in the postoperative period; prolonged recovery; and increased the risk of infection.” (Page 37).

• “Various factors influencing anxiety in a patient planned for surgery include age, gender, the extent and type of surgery, previous hospital experiences, susceptibility to and ability to cope with stressful experiences, and preoperative information.” (Page 37).

• “Objective methods include indirect measurement of sympatheticoadrenal activity using heart rate and blood pressure or skin conductance. Plasma cortisol, urinary catecholamine excretion, and plasma catecholamines have been used as more direct measures of sympatheticoadrenal activity.” (Page 38).

• Subjective methods include hospital anxiety and depression (HAD), state‑trait anxiety inventory (STAI), visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS‑A), the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS), multiple affect adjective check list (MAACL), and linear analog anxiety scale (LAAS).” (Page 38).

• See pages 38-40 for information on each of the tests above.

• “Various steps have been taken to reduce preoperative anxiety like the use of premedicant drugs, preoperative visit by anesthetist, counseling, and videos.” (Page 41).

• Sedative premedication is routinely administered to reduce preoperative anxiety. However, sedatives have their own side effects which can be minimized by the use of nonpharmacological interventions.” (Page 41).

• “…the use of a documentary video to supplement a patient interview during the preanesthetic visit may be a more effective technique than a brochure or a personal interview alone for conveying information to patients undergoing surgery.” (Page 41).

Assessment: (Analyze and explain why this source is credible)

The Indian Anesthetists’ Forum provides credible information covering anesthesiology, critical care and pain management. The articles are selected for publication based on a double-blind review process and emphasis is on quality. Additionally, this article was found on Galileo, a website known to provide credible sources to students.

Reflection: (How will you potentially use it?)

I plan to use the information in this article to better understand what exactly preoperative anxiety is and why it is important to prevent it. This article also provides valuable information on the many methods for measuring preoperative anxiety and the most effective ways to treat it based on studies conducted in the past.