Assignment #8: Creating an Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography Graphic Organizer

Source #1 Bibliography (MLA or APA)

Scott, Rebecca Lovell, PhD and Byron D., PhD Cannon. "Ophthalmology." Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition), January 2017. EBSCOhost, proxygsu-sfor.galileo.usg.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89093498&site=eds-live&scope=site

Annotation: Describe ALL info. that might be important for your paper. Explain to the reader and/or summarize what might be found in this source

This article describes the science and profession of ophthalmology, going into the anatomy of the eyeball and its three layers. It then goes on to describe common eye conditions, such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, myopia (nearsightedness), glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration, and their corresponding treatment techniques. The last section of the article retraces the history of studying the eye and the scientists that did so, explaining early theories of how we see.

Potential Quotes: Are there any significant quotes you can use or paraphrase from this source?

• The eye has three layers. The outer layer consists of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer is made up of the choroid, the ciliary body, the iris, and the lens (which separates the anterior from the posterior of the eye). The last layer includes the retina and the optic nerve. The largest area of open space in the eye is called the vitreous cavity (Pages 2-3).

• “Inflammation of the cornea, or keratitis, usually comes from the passage of virulent organisms from the conjunctival sac, which, although exposed to the external environment, may not itself react to the presence of bacteria” (Page 4).

• Herpes zoster ophthalmicus appears as red blotches on the eye and is caused by chicken pox (Page 4).

• “Some zones, such as the scelra, tend to be more resistant to invasion because of the density of their fibrous tissues” (Page 4).

• “The most common vision problem is myopia (nearsightedness). …laser techniques such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keraomileusis (LASIK) have shown some promise in treating myopia (Page 4).

• “Glaucoma occurs when pressure caused by an excessive amount of aqueous humor increases inside the eyeball, specifically in the area of the retina” (Page 5).

• Cataracts occur when the lens loses transparency and is associated with the aging process (Page 5).

• Early on, “’visual rays’ were thought to leave the interior of the eye, returning to record the colors and shapes of objects encountered” (Page 6)

• “Arab scientist ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen, was the first to suggest that rays of light entered the eye to stimulate what he called the “sensorium” (Page 6).

• “…exact observation of the internal features of the organ of vision hinged on both the historical progress of anatomical dissection and the development of instruments to look into the living eye” (Page 6).

• “In the area of eye surgery, a major landmark was achieved in the 1960s when the Spanish ophthalmologist Ramón Castroviejo began to develop a method for surgical transplant of fully transparent corneas from deceased donors to replace damaged corneas in eye patients” (Page 6).

Assessment: Analyze and explain why this source is credible

This source was written by trustworthy authors, Rebecca Lovell Scott and Bryon D., both of which have PhDs and was excerpted from Magill’s Medical Guide which is a staple in high school, college, public and medical school libraries. Adding to the reliability of this article, it was found on Galileo, a website known to provide credible sources to students.

Reflection: How will you potentially use it?

I plan to use the information in the article to familiarize myself with the concepts of ophthalmology in order to better understand the instances I am exposed to at my internship. This article serves as a basis for my further research into the field.